Črevesne Bakterijske Okužbe Pri Konjih

2024 Avtor: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Nazadnje spremenjeno: 2023-12-17 03:13

Endotoksemija pri konjih

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Prisotnost endotoksinov v krvi se imenuje endotoksemija. Ti toksini so običajno posledica prisotnosti nekaterih vrst bakterij v konjskem črevesju, ki so prebile steno črevesja in vstopile v krvni obtok. Če se endotoksemija ne zdravi takoj, lahko povzroči šok, laminitis in smrt. Takšno stanje je opaženo tako pri odraslih konjih kot pri novorojenih žrebetih.

Simptomi

Kot smo že omenili, lahko endotoksemija povzroči šok, natančneje endotoksični šok. To je izjemno nevarno stanje, ki vodi do hitrega poslabšanja in bo povzročilo smrt, če zdravljenja ne bomo uvedli takoj. Simptomi tega stanja vključujejo:

• Depresija
• Letargija
• Dehidracija
• Anoreksija
• Akutna driska
• Porast srčnega utripa (tj. Več kot 80 utripov na minuto)
• Temno vijolične sluznice
• Koliki podobni simptomi (npr. Bolečine v trebuhu, napenjanje, plini)
• Vročina, ki ji sledi nenormalno nizka temperatura

Ko se bolezen napreduje, se lahko pri konju razvije laminitis, boleče in izčrpavajoče stanje kopit, ki povzroči, da se kopitna stena in kost znotraj kopita ločita.

Vzrok

Vzrok za endotoksemijo je toksin, imenovan lipopolisaharid (LPS), ki je prisoten v celičnih stenah gramnegativnih bakterij. Nekatere vrste gram negativnih bakterij so naravno v črevesni flori in ne povzročajo škode, razen če je konj bolan iz kakšnega drugega razloga in se te bakterije začnejo prekomerno razmnoževati in nato kršijo črevesno steno in tako vstopijo v krvni obtok. Ko te bakterije odmrejo, njihove celične stene počijo, sproščajo LPS v krvni obtok in povzročajo endotoksemijo. E. coli, Salmonella in Enterobacter so pogoste po Gramu negativne bakterije, ki povzročajo endotoksemijo.

Nekateri izključujoči pogoji, ki lahko vodijo do razvoja endotoksemije, vključujejo:

• Poškodba sluznične pregrade v črevesju
• Vnetje tankega črevesa
• Zvito črevo
• Kolitis (hudo črevesno stanje, ki ga povzroča stres)
• Akutni metritis (hudo vnetje maternice zaradi okužbe, običajno iz zadržane posteljice)
• Okužba popka pri žrebetih
• Nezadostno zaužitje kolostruma pri žrebetih

Diagnoza

Konji razvijejo endotoksemijo zaradi druge resne bolezni in te živali so že zelo bolne in verjetno že v bolnišnici. Endotoksemijo diagnosticirajo s kliničnimi znaki in včasih z bakterijsko kulturo konjske krvi.

Zdravljenje

V primerih endotoksemije je treba konje takoj zdraviti, da bodo uspešni. Obstaja več tečajev zdravljenja in podporne oskrbe, vključno z intenzivnimi antibiotiki, IV tekočinsko terapijo, ki pomaga ohranjati hidracijo in podpira kardiovaskularni sistem, ter uporabo nesteroidnih protivnetnih zdravil (NSAID), kot je fluniksin meglumin (Banamine), ki pomaga pri bolečinah konja, nadzoruje vnetja in deluje proti endotoksinu. Včasih se uporabljajo tudi transfuzije plazme.

Življenje in upravljanje

Endotoksemija je izredno nevarno stanje in tudi primeri agresivnega zdravljenja se morda ne bodo obnovili. Poleg tega lahko endotoksemija povzroči druge težave, kot je laminitis (vnetje kopita), ki lahko izčrpava. Prognoza je izjemno varovana za vsak primer endotoksemije.