Virus Konjskega Herpesa

2024 Avtor: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Nazadnje spremenjeno: 2023-12-17 03:13

Virus herpesa pri konjih

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Virus herpesa je velika družina virusov. Večina vrst sesalcev je dovzetnih za vsaj eno vrsto virusa herpesa. Na srečo je ta virus zelo specifičen za vrsto, kar pomeni, da se ljudje ne ujamejo virusa herpes konj in obratno. Obstaja pet znanih podtipov pri konjih, toda virus konjskega herpesa-1 (EHV-1) in EHV-4 sta dve najhujši obliki virusa. EHV-3 je druga vrsta glavnega virusa herpesa, čeprav je običajno povezana s koitalnim eksantemom, venerično boleznijo, ki se lahko prenaša na konje.

Različne klasifikacije virusa konjskega herpesa vplivajo na različne sisteme; ena vpliva na reproduktivni in nevrološki sistem, druga pa povzroča težave z dihanjem. Tip virusa bo določil tudi simptome, ki jih ima konj.

Simptomi

Inkubacijsko obdobje virusa je odvisno od podtipa, ki prizadene konja, običajno pa traja od 4 do 10 dni, po katerem se lahko pojavijo naslednji simptomi:

• Vročina
• Izcedek iz nosu
• Povečane bezgavke
• Zmanjšana kondicijska zmogljivost
• Slabost zadnjih nog
• Čuden hod
• Anoreksija
• Letargija

Pojavijo se lahko nevrološke težave, kot so paraliza ali neusklajeni gibi telesa (ataksija), celo epileptični napadi, nezmožnost vstajanja in smrt. To je običajno v primerih EHV-1. EHV-1 lahko povzroči tudi splav pri brejih kobilah.

Vzroki

Virus konjskega herpesa je zelo nalezljiv in se s vdihavanjem dihalnih izločkov ter neposrednim stikom hitro širi s konja na konja. Če se ne upošteva stroga karantena, jo lahko oseba prenaša z enega konja na drugega. Virus herpesa konjskega kopitarja je povsod v ZDA in približno vsako leto v delu populacije konj prihaja do hudih izbruhov, ki so običajno povezani s hlevi ali razstavami, v katerih potujejo številni konji.

Diagnoza

Veterinar lahko domnevno diagnozo virusa konjskega herpesa postavi po kliničnih znakih, ki jih ima konj, še posebej, če ima več hlevov v hlevu enake klinične znake. Virusno izolacijo lahko opravimo na nosnih brisih sumljivih konj.

Zdravljenje

Ker je povzročitelj okužbe virus, zdravila ni. Samo podporna oskrba bo pomagala pri okrevanju konja. Virusi herpesa lahko ostanejo v mirujočem stanju v konjskem telesu in se kadar koli ponovno pojavijo (zlasti kadar je konj pod stresom). Na ta način se bolezen zlahka širi. Ko pride do izbruha bolezni, bo strogo in hitro izdajanje karantenskih postopkov pomagalo obvladati bolezen.

Vendar pa obstajajo zdravila, na primer antibiotiki, ki lahko pomagajo pri sekundarnih okužbah, ki se lahko pojavijo, ko se konjski imunski sistem poskuša boriti proti virusni okužbi. Uporabljajo se lahko protivnetna zdravila, ki pomagajo konju udobno in ga spodbujajo, da ostane jesti in piti.

Življenje in upravljanje

Nujno je, da se konj, okužen z virusom konjskega herpesa, izolira od drugih konj, da se prepreči širjenje bolezni.

Preprečevanje

Obstajajo cepiva, ki lahko konjem dajo imunost proti virusu herpesa. Ta cepiva je treba dajati redno, običajno vsako leto ali včasih vsakih šest mesecev, če je konj v veliki nevarnosti, da bi zbolel za boleznijo. Obstaja celo cepivo, ki lahko ščiti pred splavi pri brejih kobilah, kar je pogost simptom nekaterih podtipov virusa. Posvetujte se s svojim veterinarjem, če želite izvedeti več o teh cepivih in preveriti, ali je to koristno za vašega konja.