Kožni Tumorji (konjski Sarkoid) Pri Konjih

2024 Avtor: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Nazadnje spremenjeno: 2023-12-17 03:13

Konjski Sarcoid

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Sarkoid je tumor, ki ga najdemo na koži konj, oslov in mul. Je ena najpogostejših kožnih neoplazij pri konjih. Na splošno je benigna in neživljenjsko nevarna, lahko pa je lokalno invazivna. Sarkoidi so lahko različno podobni in so včasih videti kot odebeljeno in krvaveče območje (razjede), ki se lahko zaceli, ko se zaceli. Druge poškodbe kože, na primer papiloma kopitarjev, je mogoče zamenjati za sarkoide. Vendar papilom sčasoma izgine sam, medtem ko bo sarkoid le redko nazadoval.

Simptomi in vrste

Obstaja šest različnih klasifikacij sarkoidov glede na njihov videz.

1. Nodularni sarkoidi

• Trdni, dvignjeni krožni vozlički
• Premer 5 - 20 mm
• Običajno v predelu plašča / dimelj in vek

2. Fibroplastični sarkoidi

• Proliferativni, mesnati in ulcerozni
• Običajno vzdolž dimelj, spodnjih nog in veke

3. Verrukozni sarkoidi

• Videz, podoben bradavicam
• Lahko se pojavijo kjer koli vzdolž obraza, telesa in prepona

4. Okultni ali ploski sarkoidi

• Ravna, krožna odebeljena območja
• Lahko so tudi majhni vozlički s premerom 2–5 mm
• Običajno ga najdemo na vratu, ustih, očeh ter na notranji strani stegen in zgornjih prednjih nog

5. Zlobni sarkoidi

• Videti so kot več vozličkov
• So lokalno invazivne in se občasno infiltrirajo v lokalni limfni sistem in se pojavijo kot vrvice pod kožo

6. Mešani sarkoidi

• Lezije se pojavljajo kot mešanica zgoraj omenjenih.
• Ta vrsta je bolj značilna za sarkoid, ki je že dolgo na konju ali je doživel nekakšno travmo.

Vzroki

Za sarkoide ni bilo ugotovljeno nobenega posebnega vzroka, vendar naj bi potencialno prispeval virus govejega papiloma (BPV). Oba tipa BPV 1 in 2 sta povezana s tvorbo sarkoidne bolezni pri konjih. Raziskave še niso določile načina prenosa bolezni, vendar obstaja več teorij.

Ena od teorij je, da je koža, ki je bila prej ranjena, bolj nagnjena k razvoju sarkoida. Druga je, da muhe delujejo kot vir prenosa (prenašalca) virusa, saj pristanejo na mestih ran na različnih živalih. Spet drugi verjamejo, da bo prenos okuženih konj ali opreme med okuženimi konji in drugimi živalmi povzročil prenos virusa.

Za sarkoide ni nobenih znakov glede na spol ali pasmo. Vendar se več kot 70% teh tumorjev razvije pri konjih, mlajših od 4 let. Sarkoidi se lahko pojavijo spontano ali včasih na mestu prejšnje travme.

Diagnoza

Veterinar lahko diagnosticira lezije le po videzu in lokaciji tumorjev; pozitivno diagnozo pa lahko postavimo le z biopsijo kože. V nekaterih primerih veterinar morda ne želi narediti biopsije kože, saj lahko sarkoid draži in poslabša.

Mogoče je izključiti druge morebitne kožne lezije, veterinar pa bo preveril, ali obstajajo druge kožne bolezni, kot so glivične okužbe (dermatofitoza) in bradavice (papilomi).

Zdravljenje

Sarkoide je težko zdraviti in ni nobene najboljše terapije za uporabo. Nekatere metode vključujejo kirurško odstranjevanje (izrezovanje), zamrzovalno terapijo (krioterapija), lasersko zdravljenje, lokalna kemoterapevtska zdravila, vbrizgavanje kemoterapevtskega zdravila v tumor, radiotalasno terapijo in toplotno obdelavo. Uporablja se tudi imunoterapija.

Ponovitev tumorjev je po odstranitvi pogosta, vendar se običajno ne razširijo na notranje organe kot nekateri drugi raki (metastazirajo). Zaradi ponovitve so nekateri menili, da kirurško odstranjevanje aktivira mirujočo (latentno) virusno komponento znotraj na videz normalne kože okoli robov tumorja. Zaradi tega se velikokrat veterinar odloči, da sarkoida sploh ne bo zdravil, ampak ga bo pustil pri miru, razen če je vneto ali konju povzroča bolečino.

Življenje in upravljanje

Nekatere raziskave kažejo, da je za to bolezen možno cepivo ali protivirusno zdravljenje. Potrebna je nadaljnja študija, da se ugotovi, ali bo to učinkovito v prihodnosti. Odstranjevanje sarkoidov lahko pomaga obvladati bolezen, vendar ne bo popolnoma pozdravilo stanja.

Preprečevanje

Ker trenutno ne obstaja nobeno cepivo, za sarkoide ni na voljo komercialnih preventivnih sredstev. Vendar je zdravljenje konj ključnega pomena za konje, zlasti v sezoni muh.